Publications

Published or in press

Clicking on one of the links below constitutes a request for a reprint/preprint from the author and an agreement not to freely circulate the article to others in violation of a publisher's copyright.

Journal articles

Young, M.E., & Cole, J.J. (in press). Human sensitivity to the magnitude and probability of a continuous causal relation in a video game. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes.

Young, M.E., Cole, J. J., & Sutherland, S.C. (in press). Rich stimulus sampling for between-subjects designs improves model selection. Behavior Research Methods.

Young, M.E., Webb, T.L., & Jacobs, E.A. (2011). Deciding when to "cash in" when outcomes are continuously improving. Behavioural Processes, 88, 101-110. Reprint.

Racey, D.E., Young, M.E., Garlick, D., Pham, J.N., & Blaisdell, A. (2011). Pigeon and human performance in a multi-armed bandit task in response to changes in variable interval schedules. Learning and Behavior, 39, 245-258.

Limongi Tirado, R., & Young, M.E. (2011). Language driven spatiotemporal causal integration in the prefrontal and premotor cortices. Revista de Linguistica Teórica y Aplicada (Journal of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics), 45, 13-27.

Young, M.E., Sutherland, S.C., & Cole, J.J. (2011). Individual differences in causal judgment under time pressure: Sex and prior video game experience as predictors. International Journal of Comparative Psychology (Special Issue), 24, 76-98. Reprint.

Young, M.E., Sutherland, S.C., Cole, J.J., & Nguyen, N. (2011). Waiting to decide helps in the face of probabilistic uncertainty but not delay uncertainty. Learning and Behavior, 39, 115-124. Reprint.

Nguyen, N., Young, M.E., & Cole, J.J. (2010). The effect of number of options on choices involving delayed causation. American Journal of Psychology, 123, 477-487. Reprint.

Stahlman, W.D., Young, M.E., & Blaisdell, A.P. (2010). Response variability in pigeons in a Pavlovian task. Learning and Behavior, 38, 111-118.

Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (2010).  Same-different discrimination: The keel and backbone of thought and reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 36, 3-22. Reprint.

Beckmann, J.S., & Young, M.E. (2009).  The effects of stimulus dynamics on temporal discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35, 525-553. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Sutherland, S. (2009). The spatiotemporal distinctiveness of direct causation.  Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16, 729-735. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Nguyen, N. (2009).  The problem of delayed causation in a video game: Constant, varied, and filled delays.  Learning and Motivation, 40, 298-312. Reprint.

Young, M.E., Clark, M.H, Goffus, A., Hoane, M.R. (2009). Mixed effects modeling of Morris water maze data: Advantages and cautionary notes. Learning and Motivation, 40, 160-177. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Racey, D. (2009).  Judgments of creativity as a function of visual stimulus variability. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 27, 91-109. Reprint.

Young, M.E. (2008).  Nonlinear judgment analysis: Comparing policy use by those who draft and those who coach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9, 760-774. Reprint.

Lazareva, O.F., Miner, M., Wasserman, E.A., and Young, M.E. (2008).  Multiple-pair training enhances transposition in pigeons.  Learning and Behavior, 36, 174-187.

Falmier, O., & Young, M.E. (2008).  The impact of perceived animacy on causal judgments. American Journal of Psychology, 121, 473-500. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Falmier, O. (2008).  Launching at a distance: The effect of spatial markers. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 1356-1370. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Falmier, O. (2008).  Color change as a causal agent: Revisited.  American Journal of Psychology, 121, 129-157. Preprint.

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Ellefson, M.R. (2007).  A theory of variability discrimination.  Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14, 805-822. Reprint.

Beckmann, J.S., & Young, M.E. (2007).  The feature positive effect in the face of variability:  Novelty as a feature. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 33, 72-77. Reprint.

Castro, L., Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2006).  Effects of number of items and visual display variability on same-different discrimination behavior.   Memory and Cognition, 34, 1689-1703.

Peissig, J.J., Kirkpatrick, K., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (2006). The effects of varying stimulus size on object recognition in pigeons.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 419-430.

Young, M.E., Beckmann, J.S., & Wasserman, E.A. (2006).  The pigeon’s perception of Michotte’s launching effect.  Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 86, 223-237. Reprint.

Lazareva, O., Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (2005).  Transposition in pigeons: Reassessing Spence (1937) with multiple discrimination training.  Learning and Behavior, 33, 22-46.

Peissig, J.J., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A. & Biederman, I. (2005).  The role of edges in object recognition by pigeons.  Perception, 34, 1353-1374.

Young, M.E. , Rogers, E.T., & Beckmann, J.S. (2005). Causal impressions: Predicting when, not just whether.   Memory and Cognition, 33, 320-331. Reprint.

Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Cook. R. (2004).  Variability discrimination in humans and animals:  Implications for adaptive action.   American Psychologist, 59, 869–878.

Young, M.E. (2004).   The short- and long-term consequences of believing an illusion.   Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 27, 677-678.  

Young, M.E., & Ellefson, M.R. (2003). The joint contributions of shape and color to variability discrimination. Learning and Motivation, 34, 52-67.

Young, M.E. , Ellefson, M.R., & Wasserman, E.A. (2003).   Toward a theory of variability discrimination: Finding differences.   Invited paper for a special issue of Behavioural Processes, 62, 145-155.

Young, M.E. , & Wasserman, E.A. (2002).   The pigeon's discrimination of visual entropy: A logarithmic function.   Animal Learning and Behavior, 30, 306-314 .

DiPietro, N.T., Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (2002). The effects of occlusion on pigeons' visual object recognition. Perception, 31, 1299-1312.

Peissig, J.J., Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Biederman, I. (2002). Learning to recognize an object from multiple views in one dimension enhances visual recognition at novel views in an orthogonal dimension. Vision Research 42, 2051-2062.

Wasserman, E.A., Frank, A.J., & Young, M.E. (2002). Stimulus control by same versus different relations among multiple visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28, 347-357.

Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Peissig, J.J. (2002). Brief presentations are sufficient for pigeons to discriminate arrays of same and different stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 78, 365-373.

Windschitl, P. D., Young, M. E., & Jenson, M. (2002). Likelihood judgment based on previously observed outcomes: The alternative outcomes effect in a learning paradigm. Memory and Cognition, 30, 469-477.

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2002). Limited attention and cue order consistency affect predictive learning: A test of two configural models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 484-496. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2002). Detecting variety: What's so special about uniformity? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.,131, 131-143.

Fagot, J., Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (2001). Discriminating the relation between relations: The role of entropy in abstract conceptualization by baboons and humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 27, 316-328.

Gottselig, J.M., Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (2001). Attentional tradeoffs in complex stimulus discrimination in the pigeon. Learning and Motivation, 32, 240-253.

Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Fagot, J. (2001). Effects of number of items on the baboon's discrimination of same from different visual displays. Animal Cognition, 4, 163-170.

Wasserman, E.A., Fagot, J., & Young, M.E. (2001). Same-different conceptualization by baboons (Papio papio): The role of entropy. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115, 42-52.

Windschitl, P. D., & Young, M. E. (2001). The influence of a comparison heuristic for judging likelihood: The alternative-outcomes effect. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85, 109-134. Abstract

Young, M. E., Peissig, J. M., Wasserman, E. A., & Biederman, I. (2001). Discrimination of geons by pigeons: The effect of variation in surface depiction. Animal Learning and Behavior, 29. Abstract

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2001). Entropy and variability discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 278-293. Abstract

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2001). Evidence for a conceptual account of same-different discrimination learning in the pigeon. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8, 677-684. Abstract.

Peissig, J., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (2000). Seeing things from a different angle: The pigeon's recognition of single geons rotated in depth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26, 115-132. Abstract

Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Nolan, B. (2000). Display variability and spatial organization as contributors to the pigeon's discrimination of complex visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26, 133-143. Abstract

Young, M.E., Johnson, J.L., & Wasserman, E.A. (2000). Serial causation: Occasion setting in a causal induction task. Memory and Cognition, 28, 1213-1230. Abstract

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., Johnson, J.L., & Jones, F.L. (2000). Positive and negative patterning in human causal learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53B, 121-138. Abstract

Peissig, J., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (1999). The pigeon's perception of depth-rotated shapes. [Invited Paper]. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive (Current Psychology of Cognition), 18, 657-690.

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., Hilfers, M.A., & Dalrymple, R.M. (1999). The pigeon's variability discrimination using lists of successively presented visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 475-490. Abstract

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A. & Dalrymple, R.M. (1997). Memory-based same-different conceptualization by pigeons. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 552-558. Abstract

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Garner, K.L. (1997). Effects of number of display items on the pigeon's discrimination of same from different visual displays. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23, 491-501. Abstract

Young, M.E. & Wasserman, E.A. (1997). Entropy detection by pigeons: Response to mixed visual displays after same-different discrimination training. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23, 157-170. Abstract

Young, M.E. (1995). On the origin of personal causal theories. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 2, 83-104. Reprint

Book chapters and other
Young, M.E. (in press). Generalization and discrimination. In N.M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer.

Young, M.E. (in press).  Contemporary thought on the environmental cues that determine causal decisions.  To appear in T.R. Zentall & E.A. Wasserman (Eds.), Handbook of Comparative Cognition. 

Fagot, J., Wasserman, E., & Young, M. (2004).   Categorisation d'objets visuals et concepts relationnels chez l'animal [Categorization of visual objects and relational concepts by animals].   In J. Vauclair & M. Kreutzer (Eds.), L'ethologie cognitive [Cognitive ethology] (pp. 117-136).   Paris, Edition de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme.

van den Broek, P., Young, M.E. , Tzeng, Y., & Linderholm, T. (2004).   The Landscape model of reading: Inferences and the on-line construction of a memory representation.   In R. B. Ruddell & N.J. Unrau (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (pp. xx-xx). Newark, DE:   International Reading Association.

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2004). Theories of learning. In K. Lamberts & R. Goldstone (Eds.), Handbook of Cognition (pp. 161-182). Sage Publications.

Schlesinger, M., & Young, M.E. (2003). Examining the role of prediction in infants. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.

Young, M. E., & Wasserman, E. A. (2003). Visual variability discrimination. In S. A. Soraci & K. Murata-Soraci (Eds.), Perspectives on fundamental processes in intellectual functioning: Visual information processing (pp. 171-197). New York: Elsevier/Praeger. Abstract

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2001). Stimulus control in complex arrays. In R. G. Cook (Ed.), Avian Visual Cognition [On-line]. Available: http://www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/avc. Abstract

Peissig, J., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (2000). The pigeon's perception of depth-rotated shapes. Picture Perception in Animals. East Sussex, England: Psychology Press Ltd.

van den Broek, P., Young, M.E., Tzeng, Y., & Linderholm, T. (1999). The landscape model of reading: Inferences and the on-line construction of a memory representation. In H. van Oostendorp & S. Goldman (Eds.), The construction of mental representations during reading. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Young, M.E. (1999). Setting the occasion for informative research [Review of the book Occasion setting: Associative learning and cognition in animals]. Contemporary Psychology, 44, 232-233.

Young, M.E. (1997). Implicit processes in the development of causal knowledge: A connectionist model of the use of Humean cues. In P. van den Broek, P. Bauer, & T. Berg (Eds.), Developmental spans in event comprehension and representation: Bridging fictional and actual events (pp. 29-50). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Wasserman, E.A., Kao, S., Van Hamme, L., Katagiri, M., & Young, M.E. (1996). Causation and association. In D.R. Shanks, K.J. Holyoak, & D.L. Medin (Eds.), The Psychology of learning and motivation, Vol. 34: Causal learning (pp. 207-264). San Diego: Academic Press.

Young, M.E., & Bailey, T. M. (1994). Event prediction: Faster learning in a layered Hebbian network with memory. In M. C. Mozer, P. Smolensky, D. S. Touretzky, J. L. Elman & A. S. Weigend (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1993 Connectionist Models Summer School (pp. 245-252). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Abstract

Young, M. E,. & DeBauche, B. (1993). Causal mechanisms as temporal bridges in a connectionist model of causal attribution. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1092-1097). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Abstract

Young, M.E. (1992). A simple recurrent network model of serial conditioning: Implications for temporal event representation. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1164-1169). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Submitted or in preparation

Sutherland, S.C., & Young, M.E. (submitted) The solicitation and utilization of expert advice: Effects of cost and accuracy.

Limongi Tirado, R., & Young, M.E. (in preparation). Lexical preference in the linguistic coding of direct causal events: A probabilistic approach.

Limongi Tirado, R., Habib, R., Young, M.E., & Reinke, K. (in revision). Activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during direct and indirect causal judgment: An fMRI study.

Racey, D.E., & Young, M.E. (in revision). Differences in sustained operant variability levels.

Peissig, J.J., Nagasaka, Y., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (in revision). Using the reassignment procedure to test object representation in pigeons.

Young, M.E., Webb, T.L, Cole, J.J., & Jacobs, E.A. (in preparation). Preference for smaller sooner rewards in escalating interest, delayed gratification, and delay discounting tasks.